PhilPapers Survey 2020

r: 0.25	Morality: error theory
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	85
Reject	32	762

n: 900

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Practical reason: Humean
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	34
Reject	198	473

n: 759

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	External world: skepticism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	156
Reject	58	1295

n: 1537

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	95	70
Reject	410	846

n: 1421

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Meaning of life: nonexistent
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	110
Reject	200	926

n: 1290

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	94
Reject	929	388

n: 1497

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	91	76
Reject	989	295

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	78
Reject	90	622

n: 816

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Consciousness: eliminativism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	91
Reject	23	722

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Aesthetic value: objective
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	118
Reject	638	593

n: 1405

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	119	27
Reject	615	506

n: 1267

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Experience machine: yes
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	120
Reject	151	1128

n: 1449

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Meaning of life: objective
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	130
Reject	494	648

n: 1304

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	God: theism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	174
Reject	303	1045

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Law: legal positivism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	20
Reject	193	305

n: 555

p: 0.0002

r: -0.16	Well-being: objective list
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	61
Reject	448	266

n: 818

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	External world: non-skeptical realism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	143	40
Reject	1184	170

n: 1537

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Mind: physicalism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	150	35
Reject	707	576

n: 1468

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	30	57
Reject	137	491

n: 715

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Footbridge: push
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	100
Reject	296	956

n: 1422

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	65
Reject	294	377

n: 759

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Other minds: current AI systems
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	111
Reject	24	834

n: 979

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Material composition: restrictivism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	38
Reject	178	229

n: 464

p: 0.0047

r: 0.13	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	97	15
Reject	540	254

n: 906

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Rational disagreement: non-permissivism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	61
Reject	149	642

n: 891

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Wittgenstein: early
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	56
Reject	188	544

n: 820

p: 0.0003

r: -0.13	Logic: classical
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	65
Reject	637	335

n: 1112

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Properties: tropes
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	25	54
Reject	88	483

n: 650

p: 0.0015

r: -0.12	Consciousness: dualism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	99
Reject	208	538

n: 857

p: 0.0003

r: 0.12	Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	104
Reject	444	883

n: 1517

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Other minds: future AI systems
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	57
Reject	334	524

n: 979

p: 0.0004

r: 0.11	Abortion: permissible
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	113	7
Reject	734	155

n: 1009

p: 0.0004

r: 0.11	Metaontology: anti-realism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	64
Reject	65	458

n: 599

p: 0.0063

r: -0.11	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	44	121
Reject	548	709

n: 1422

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	73
Reject	142	572

n: 819

p: 0.0031

r: 0.1	Belief or credence: credence
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	47
Reject	184	403

n: 679

p: 0.0087

r: -0.1	Belief or credence: neither
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	82
Reject	134	451

n: 677

p: 0.0088

r: -0.1	Aesthetic experience: sui generis
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	49
Reject	212	278

n: 562

p: 0.0178

r: 0.1	Gender categories: eliminate
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	78
Reject	122	624

n: 846

p: 0.0039

r: -0.1	Eating animals and animal products: omnivorism (yes and yes)
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	80	100
Reject	703	641

n: 1524

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Ought implies can: yes
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	49
Reject	578	268

n: 962

p: 0.0028

r: -0.09	Morality: non-naturalism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	91
Reject	246	548

n: 899

p: 0.0045

r: 0.09	Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	68
Reject	99	533

n: 719

p: 0.0115

r: 0.09	Eating animals and animal products: veganism (no and no)
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	136
Reject	256	1086

n: 1521

p: 0.0003

r: 0.09	Material composition: nihilism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	46
Reject	32	375

n: 464

p: 0.0481

r: 0.09	Material composition: universalism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	36
Reject	132	275

n: 464

p: 0.0493

r: 0.09	Grounds of intentionality: interpretational
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	15	58
Reject	84	461

n: 618

p: 0.0289

r: 0.09	Statue and lump: one thing
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	41	42
Reject	232	424

n: 739

p: 0.0171

r: 0.09	Political philosophy: egalitarianism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	90	65
Reject	545	544

n: 1244

p: 0.0022

r: -0.09	Normative ethics: deontology
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	127
Reject	497	758

n: 1420

p: 0.0011

r: -0.09	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	108
Reject	728	599

n: 1517

p: 0.0008

r: 0.08	Possible worlds: concrete
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	110
Reject	35	785

n: 941

p: 0.0094

r: -0.08	Properties: immanent universals
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	70
Reject	145	424

n: 648

p: 0.0346

r: 0.08	Chinese room: understands
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	79
Reject	146	634

n: 887

p: 0.0147

r: -0.08	Possible worlds: abstract
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	63	58
Reject	497	322

n: 940

p: 0.0122

r: -0.08	Semantic content: moderate contextualism (intermediate)
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	49
Reject	345	247

n: 686

p: 0.034

r: 0.08	Knowledge: empiricism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	109	52
Reject	605	484

n: 1250

p: 0.0044

r: -0.08	A priori knowledge: yes
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	132	55
Reject	1061	294

n: 1542

p: 0.0016

r: 0.08	Properties: classes
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	66
Reject	71	499

n: 649

p: 0.0424

r: 0.08	Other minds: particles
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	115
Reject	12	846

n: 979

p: 0.013

r: 0.08	Propositions: sets
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	63
Reject	46	549

n: 676

p: 0.0448

r: 0.08	Propositional attitudes: nonexistent
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	80
Reject	17	566

n: 670

p: 0.0481

r: -0.08	Abstract objects: Platonism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	55	106
Reject	536	664

n: 1361

p: 0.005

r: 0.08	Race categories: eliminate
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	55	44
Reject	294	396

n: 789

p: 0.033

r: -0.07	Aim of philosophy: understanding
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	92
Reject	819	476

n: 1479

p: 0.0041

r: 0.07	Theory of reference: descriptive
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	66
Reject	157	481

n: 728

p: 0.0456

r: 0.07	Laws of nature: Humean
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	66	97
Reject	383	825

n: 1371

p: 0.0061

r: 0.07	Mental content: internalism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	62	96
Reject	324	812

n: 1294

p: 0.0082

r: -0.07	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	132
Reject	455	807

n: 1442

p: 0.0054

r: 0.07	Philosophical knowledge: none
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	113
Reject	23	816

n: 960

p: 0.026

r: 0.07	Knowledge claims: relativism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	135
Reject	55	1078

n: 1282

p: 0.0133

r: -0.07	Political philosophy: communitarianism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	119
Reject	344	742

n: 1241

p: 0.0165

r: 0.07	Philosophical progress: none
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	178
Reject	44	1301

n: 1531

p: 0.0086

r: -0.07	Personal identity: further-fact view
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	143
Reject	219	891

n: 1265

p: 0.0188

r: 0.07	External world: idealism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	172
Reject	94	1261

n: 1539

p: 0.0105

r: -0.06	Science: scientific realism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	139	37
Reject	1026	253

n: 1455

p: 0.0151

r: 0.06	Gender: unreal
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	134
Reject	54	1088

n: 1286

p: 0.0264

r: 0.06	Personal identity: psychological view
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	63
Reject	572	549

n: 1276

p: 0.0331

r: 0.06	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	132	58
Reject	847	480

n: 1517

p: 0.0305

r: -0.05	Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	147
Reject	331	926

n: 1438

p: 0.0461

r: 0.05	Eating animals and animal products: vegetarianism (no and yes)
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	126
Reject	374	972

n: 1526

p: 0.0464

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Spinoza
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	12	132
Reject	19	1008

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: Normative Ethics
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	22	174
Reject	319	1079

n: 1594

p < 0.0001

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Aristotle
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	16	128
Reject	208	819

n: 1171

p: 0.0022

r: -0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	9	187
Reject	124	1274

n: 1594

p: 0.0004

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Quine
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	25	119
Reject	72	955

n: 1171

p: 0.0026

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Hume
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	45	99
Reject	167	860

n: 1171

p: 0.0034

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Russell
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	16	128
Reject	58	969

n: 1171

p: 0.0038

r: 0.08	Region of affiliation: Latin America
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	6	191
Reject	12	1414

n: 1623

p: 0.0018

r: 0.06	Region of PhD: United States
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	104	29
Reject	673	326

n: 1132

p: 0.0293

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Carnap
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	15	129
Reject	58	969

n: 1171

p: 0.0314

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	13	183
Reject	53	1345

n: 1594

p: 0.0132

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Kant
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	11	133
Reject	162	865

n: 1171

p: 0.0492

r: 0.06	Other demographics: YOB
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	87	96
Reject	622	678

n: 1483

p: 0.0276

r: -0.05	Region of nationality: Oceania
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	8	175
Reject	72	1247

n: 1502

p: 0.0428

Survey Results

Correlations

Strongest correlations with philosophical questions

Strongest correlations with demographic questions